Spend and expense management software controls money that employees spend on the company's behalf: corporate card purchases, out-of-pocket expenses that need reimbursing, and travel. It captures the receipt and the reason at the time of spend, applies the company's policy, and codes the transaction for the ledger.
What it does
Older expense tools were built around the monthly expense report: an employee collected receipts, typed them into a form and waited to be repaid. Newer products start from the card. Each card carries limits by person, merchant type or budget, transactions appear in an app within seconds, the employee photographs the receipt, and the software matches the two and proposes the accounting code. Out-of-policy spend is flagged before it is approved. Reimbursements for personal cards and mileage still run through the same product.
For US employers, how reimbursements are documented matters for tax: under the IRS rules for accountable plans in Publication 463, reimbursements that are substantiated and returned when excess are treated differently from those that are not. Expense software keeps the receipts and approvals that substantiation needs.
Many vendors in this category also sell bill pay, purchase requests and travel booking, which overlap with neighbouring categories.
Who uses it
Every employee who spends company money uses the app. Managers approve. The finance team sets policy, reviews flagged items and closes the card statement. Travel managers use the booking side where it exists.
The parts a typical product has
- Physical and virtual corporate cards, or support for existing cards
- Spend limits and policy rules by person, team, merchant or budget
- Receipt capture and matching, by app, email or text
- Expense reports and reimbursements, including mileage and per diem
- Travel booking with policy applied at the time of booking
- Accounting codes, multi-entity and multi-currency support
- Sync to the ledger and card statement reconciliation
Where it meets other categories
Supplier invoices belong to accounts payable; purchases that need approval before spending belong to procurement. Card and expense transactions post to the ERP and must be accrued at the close. VAT reclaim on expenses touches tax.
Questions to ask a vendor
- Do we have to use your card, or can we keep our existing corporate cards?
- How are policy rules set, and can they differ by entity and country?
- Which ledgers do you sync with, and at what level of detail?
- How are reimbursements paid in each country we have employees?
- How do you make money: interchange, subscription fees, or both?
- What does an auditor see for a single expense?